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8 base3+lin*128
8 M(base3+lin*128
5 ;"MGT SAM Coup
2 the brightness, contrast or height of the picture.:
2 flicker a lot. The trick is to pick the right ones.
2 but some hues are hard to distinguish and others may
2 appears as MODE 4 (256 x 192) with many new colours.
2 This interleaves two MODE 4 screens so that alternate
2 The colours of interlaced lines blend, so the display
2 TV or monitor frames come from different screens.:
2 Set up default screen
2 Set display output characteristics:
2 OUT (252),A:
2 LUM(C) returns brightness or LUMINANCE of colour C
2 B:::::::::8
2 8888888888888888888888
2 8256 distinct colours are possible (128 * 128 - 8128
2 shows 916 colours!"
2 - 226 colours!"
1 y=ybase-i*2
1 y=ybase-29
1 videoRAM=(1
1 uses alternate display lines for each frame. Thus SAM
1 tweak the display brightness, contrast or height.:
1 the colours swap at the same time as the background.
1 the 'main program' in SAM BASIC or any other language.:
1 temp=b(j),b(j)=b(l),b(l)=temp
1 temp=a(j),a(j)=a(l),a(l)=temp
1 swaps) so there's plenty of scope for more research.:
1 swaps) so there's plenty of scope for more research.
1 start of each screen (to swap) and the start of each
1 single screen, and no need to swap in BASIC. You can
1 see this effect if you break into the FLIP1 loop. Type
1 same time as the new colours. The Coup
1 processor time for the main program, in SAM BASIC,
1 pixels and twice as many lines as normal (albeit time
1 per line, or 16 if each screen has an unique palette.
1 paltab=&5600
1 paltab,tabstart
1 or 256 if each screen has an unique palette.:
1 of either screen, showing thousands of new colours.:
1 music, animation or scrolling of the 48K video map.:
1 multiplexed at 25 Hertz). It should suit fractals!:
1 machine code, or any other language.:
1 luminance (brightness) values, in order of luminance.
1 loop! Better code would link itself into the Coup
1 loader
1 line (to adjust the palette). This leaves remaining
1 jQNjVhC^hF
1 it shows over 2OO colours. It may help if you change
1 it shows 38 lines of fairly readable text, assuming
1 interrupts. SVAR 8, the flash rate, is set to 1 so
1 in about 4OO T-states (maximum 1OO Z8O instructions),
1 i,palC(i),palB(i)
1 i,palB(i),palB(i)
1 i,palB(i),palA(i)
1 i,palA(i):
1 i,palA(i),palC(i)
1 i,palA(i),palA(i):
1 i,j,n,d,count,temp
1 giving 16 x 16 (- 12O swaps) = 136 colours per line,
1 frame and line interrupts, leaving processor time for
1 for each line, giving 4 x 4 (- 6 swaps) = 1O colours
1 for animation and sound, running between interrupts as
1 displays of 384 lines flicker more than TV pictures.:
1 display can be seen as MODE 3 (512 x 192) with extra
1 colours as you'll need 5O * 192 line interrupts and
1 colour resolution, rather than extra lines.
1 colour palette part-way down one screen, and FLASHING
1 but most programmers should leave some time left over
1 base2+lin*64
1 base2+(295
1 base2+(294
1 base2+(170
1 base1+lin*64
1 base1+(295
1 base1+(294
1 base1+(170
1 at once, using PALETTE LINE interrupts to change the
1 are ideally suited for running small routines at the
1 a(paltab):
1 a resolution of 512 x 384. It may help if you change
1 You need to press the BREAK button to interrupt this
1 You may need assembly code to change four registers
1 Video memory page (to suit MEM$, PEEK & POKE)
1 Uses a Shell Sort - much faster than Bubble Sort!
1 Use MODE 3 (or RUN then SCREEN 3) for neat tabulation.
1 This way we can get thousands of colours on screen,
1 This technique can be used to get new colours with a
1 This swaps two screens with paper A & B at 50 Hertz
1 This simulates 384 x 512 pixel resolution on a normal
1 This demo swaps two MODE 4 screens 5O times a second -
1 This demo swaps two MODE 3 screens 5O times a second -
1 This demo emulates a horizontal resolution of 512
1 This demo displays 1 (black) +225 (AB) +225 (BC) +225
1 This SAM BASIC demo puts over 900 colours on screen
1 Theoretically we could display 3O72 colours at once,
1 The demo swaps two MODE 4 screens 5O times a second -
1 The colours of interlaced lines tend to blend, so the
1 The PAUSE 1 soaks up spare time between frames.:
1 The PAUSE 1 soaks up spare time between frames.
1 TV or monitor. However the Coup
1 Sorts corresponding A and B to ascending order of A
1 Set FLASH to top speed
1 See Burtiss AT, Data Structures Theory and practice
1 SHOW16y ybase
1 SHOW16X ybase
1 SAM Demo Copyright 199O by Simon N Goodwin, 19/3/9O.
1 SAM Demo Copyright 199O by Simon N Goodwin, 17/3/9O.
1 Palette interrupt table, 4 bytes/line, 255 @ end.
1 PALETTE to restore the standard palette settings.:
1 PALETTE interrupts
1 PALETTE commands can change the colours on every line
1 PALETTE commands can be used to change the colours
1 PALETTE changes to swap between two sets of palette
1 PACK$(N,W) -> STR$(N) packed with spaces to width W
1 Or try FLIP2 - press BREAK button to stop it!:
1 N,,F,,^,Vy
1 Machine code would allow animation and sound at the
1 MODE4*4 - 256 x 192 resolution, 226 colours anywhere
1 MODE 916 - 256 x 192 resolution, 586 colours at once
1 MODE 916
1 MODE 4*4
1 MODE 3+3 - 512 x 384 resolution, or 8256 colours!
1 MODE 3+3
1 LUMTAB displays a table of standard SAM colours and
1 LOAD the other SAM files in this set for new colours.:
1 LD A,PAGE2:
1 LD A,PAGE1:
1 JR LOOP:
1 It may be easier to see if you dim the lights and
1 I build displays in MODE 3, SCREEN 3 and copy them: into SCREEN 1 and SCREEN 2 alternately for MODE 3+3.:
1 HPd`hp:BtZRjbLz
1 GGGGGGGG~k~k~k~k~k~k~k~k~k~k~k~k~k~k~k
1 G$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
1 Fox......
1 FN VideoRAM returns the start address of the
1 FLIP2 uses a machine-code loop::LOOP
1 FLIP1 uses SAM BASIC to swap between two screens.
1 FLIP1 uses SAM BASIC to swap between screens.
1 FFFFFFFFFBB
1 FFFFFFFFBB
1 FFFFBB:88888888
1 Demo Copyright 199O by Simon N Goodwin - 22/2/9O.
1 DATA for the palette set-up, chosen by experiment
1 Created with Ramsoft MakeTZX
1 CPU power may run short as you get close to 3OOO
1 COLTAB gives the luminance of each of the 128 colours.
1 COLTAB 3 or LUMTAB 3 give printout to channel #3, etc.:
1 Allow about 25 seconds for calculations and sorting.
1 Allow 192 x 256 plot & 19 x 64 text:
1 A, B & C from 45 matched colours in the standard 127.:
1 @ @ pPP
1 ;"Sorting..."
1 ::::::::::::::::24
1 :::8888888
1 9998888888888888
1 8<<<::<<<<<<:::::::::8
1 8:::>:2FFFB
1 8::::BBBBBBB:::::::::8
1 8889998889988888888888
1 8889998888888888888888
1 8888889888888888998888
1 8888888899998888888988
1 8888888889988888888888
1 5O identical frames a second, whereas 'interlaced' TV
1 38,4OO palette changes per second! (5O * 192 * 4):
1 2nd Ed., Academic Press, New York, 1975, p 464-465
1 ----wO-V-^*B
1 ,tabstart=
1 ,tabstart:
1 ,page2,211
1 ,page1,211
1 ,"Setting up screens - please wait.":
1 ++++++++q#p
1 *,*,**,,,*,*,,*,
1 ),lums(128
1 (lums(i+96
1 (lums(i+64
1 (lums(i+32
1 (lums(i),6
1 (i),cols(i+1
1 (cols(i+96
1 (cols(i+64
1 (cols(i+32
1 (cols(i),10
1 (AC) +120 (AA) +120 (BB) colours, using pairs of 15
1 (2(2(2(2(2(2(2(2(2
1 ((0088@@HHPX
1 #ch;'"SAM Luminance to Colour conversion table, 17/3/90"
1 #ch;'"SAM Colour to Luminance conversion table, 17/3/90"
1 #ch;'"LUM COL LUM COL LUM COL LUM COL"
1 #ch;'"COL LUM COL LUM COL LUM COL LUM"
1 "Otherwise: if D>1, D:= 2 ^ (LN(n-1) DIV LN(2))-1"
1 "Fox......"
1 lums(),cols()
1 is designed to send
1 interrupts
1 can change colours on every line
1 Standard Colours"
1 1990 SNG - displays 128 standard colours at once
1 !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~